International trade can be broadly termed as exchange of goods and services between two countries or across two international boundaries. Trade between nations existed from ancient times. International trade often had a significant influence in determining the socio-economic, political and cultural scenario of a country.

International trade between two countries is heavily influenced by the existing bilateral relations between the nations. During the early times, international trade was strictly regulated and was under the influence of high tariffs. During this period, countries mainly adopted the policy of mercantilism where the inflow of capital determined the prosperity of the nation. However, with the advent of globalization and industrialization during 19th century, these regulations have been relaxed and the concept of free trade has been adopted. In this model, the trade is not regulated by any government-imposed restrictions which include taxes and tariffs. All the developed and economically powerful nations including United States, United Kingdom and the entire Europe have been the strongest advocates of this policy.